The article relates to the following legal points regarding wastewater treatment plants: The Businesses Licensing Law 1968 as a framework for the regulation of wastewater treatment plants; The division of liability for environmental nuisances between a municipal authority who discharges its duties to treat wastewater through a contractor and the contractor; Disposal of wastewater to the sea; Implications of tightening existing standards for the quality of wastewater; The role of agriculture and Israel's water critical shortage; The potential for water saving in residential uses; Soil pollution from agricultural use of treated wastewater and sludge.